公路施工招投标存在的问题及相应对策

在由计划经济向市场经济转轨过程中,由于指导思想及具体操作的偏差,公路施工招投标存在着一些问题,为保证工程建设市场的健康有序发展,必须加大管理力度和约束机制,规范工程招投标行为。     

铁路工程施工招标综合评估法投标报价分析

铁路工程施工招投标主要采用综合评估法,对投标文件进行综合评审答分,并将得分由高到低排列推荐中标候选人。此文在介绍综合评估法和投标报价评分规则的基础上,为便于对投标报价进行分析,假设各投标人均为"理性经济人",且目标一致,采用以各投标人的报价平均值作为各投标人的报价,求解满分区间不等式,得出报价范围,再计算各投标人综合得分。该方法经实例计算验证,较其他评标方法简便、精确,且通用性强,可为以后施工招标进行投标报价分析提供借鉴。     

破冰型大型航标船线型开发设计及破冰阻力评估研究

结合北海航海保障中心大型航标船的破冰功能需求,为本船选取合理的推进功率,对本船具有破冰功能特点的线型设计进行分析论述,同时运用破冰阻力经验公式对本船在一定冰厚和航速下的破冰阻力进行估算,结合冰池试验结果对破冰阻力数据进行对比分析,并进行冰区航行的快速性评估。     

W-SPSA in practice: Approximation of weight matrices and calibration of traffic simulation models

The development and calibration of complex traffic models demands parsimonious techniques, because such models often involve hundreds of thousands of unknown parameters. The Weighted Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (W-SPSA) algorithm has been proven more efficient than its predecessor SPSA (Spall, 1998), particularly in situations where the correlation structure of the variables is not homogeneous. This is crucial in traffic simulation models where effectively some variables (e.g. readings from certain sensors) are strongly correlated, both in time and space, with some other variables (e.g. certain OD flows). In situations with reasonably sized traffic networks, the difference is relevant considering computational constraints. However, W-SPSA relies on determining a proper weight matrix (W) that represents those correlations, and such a process has been so far an open problem, and only heuristic approaches to obtain it have been considered.This paper presents W-SPSA in a formally comprehensive way, where effectively SPSA becomes an instance of W-SPSA, and explores alternative approaches for determining the matrix W. We demonstrate that, relying on a few simplifications that marginally affect the final solution, we can obtain W matrices that considerably outperform SPSA. We analyse the performance of our proposed algorithm in two applications in motorway networks in Singapore and Portugal, using a dynamic traffic assignment model and a microscopic traffic simulator, respectively.     

桩-土作用在大型旅客站房基础设计中的应用

当大型旅客站房基础与地下出站通道重叠时,由于地下出站通道刚度大、结构超长,且属半露天地下结构,对温度作用变化明显,利用传统的刚性固结模型对站房基础进行设计时较难得到合理的结果或造成巨大的浪费。论述桩-土作用机理的复杂性,并对桩-土作用力学模型进行分析。通过分布弹簧模型对旅客站房在温度作用下的结构内力进行分析,并与刚性固结模型计算结果进行对比,得出旅客站房基础设计考虑桩-土作用的合理化计算模式。     

User perspectives in public transport timetable optimisation

The present paper deals with timetable optimisation from the perspective of minimising the waiting time experienced by passengers when transferring either to or from a bus. Due to its inherent complexity, this bi-level minimisation problem is extremely difficult to solve mathematically, since timetable optimisation is a non-linear non-convex mixed integer problem, with passenger flows defined by the route choice model, whereas the route choice model is a non-linear non-continuous mapping of the timetable. Therefore, a heuristic solution approach is developed in this paper, based on the idea of varying and optimising the offset of the bus lines. Varying the offset for a bus line impacts the waiting time passengers experience at any transfer stop on the bus line.In the bi-level timetable optimisation problem, the lower level is a transit assignment calculation yielding passengers’ route choice. This is used as weight when minimising waiting time by applying a Tabu Search algorithm to adapt the offset values for bus lines. The updated timetable then serves as input in the following transit assignment calculation. The process continues until convergence.The heuristic solution approach was applied on the large-scale public transport network in Denmark. The timetable optimisation approach yielded a yearly reduction in weighted waiting time equivalent to approximately 45 million Danish kroner (9 million USD).     

大马力重载全驱大件牵引车分动箱油冷器设计及应用

大件牵引车是用于运输不可拆解的重型大件货物的专用车辆。其动力系统通常具有较大的马力和较高的扭矩。主要的运输工作过程中车辆处于长时间的重载工作情况,所以车辆在对与整车的动力及传动系统、冷却系统等方面的要求较高。而分动箱作为传动系统的重要组成部件,分动箱的性能对整车有着较为直接的影响。大件牵引车由于低速重载情况下长时间的工作,分动箱内的齿轮油发热严重产生高温,直接影响齿轮的性能及车辆的安全,故针对分动箱油温较高的情况,设计一套油冷器用于冷却分动箱油温,从而从根本上解决了车辆长时间处于低速重载作业过程中,分动箱油温较高对分动箱性能及齿轮使用寿命的不利影响。提高整车的可靠性和寿命,从而提高车辆的性能质量。     

招标代理全过程控制研究

《中华人民共和国招标投标法》的实施，使招投标工作进一步规范和加强，这就要求招标代理机构必须重视代理过程中的每一个环节，以良好的信誉和品质占有市场。笔者根据从事招标代理工作的经验和体会，提出招标代理全过程控制的重点和提高代理质量的措施。     

工程量清单计价模式的应用

回顾工程量清单计价方法在铁路通信工程中的发展,对工程量清单计价模式下铁路通信工程投标报价的编制方法进行详细阐述,并对清单计价方法应用过程中出现的问题进行分析和总结。     

Vulnerability analysis for large-scale and congested road networks with demand uncertainty

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links.